Rescue inhalers: what they are and how to use them

A rescue inhaler can stop an asthma attack or sudden wheeze in minutes. If you or someone you care for uses one, knowing when and how to use it makes a real difference. This guide gives clear, practical steps so you don't fumble under stress.

What is a rescue inhaler? It's a short-acting bronchodilator that opens airways fast. The most common drug is albuterol (salbutamol). Another option is levalbuterol. These are meant for quick relief — not daily control of inflammation.

When to use a rescue inhaler

Use it for sudden symptoms: shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, or coughing that won't stop. If symptoms begin during exercise, use one before activity if your doctor advised. If an inhaler needs to be used more than twice a week for symptom relief, you probably need a controller medication and a doctor's review.

How to take it: shake the canister, breathe out fully, place the mouthpiece between your lips, press the canister once and inhale slowly over four to five seconds. Hold your breath for 8–10 seconds, then breathe out. If symptoms persist after 4–6 minutes, you can take another puff. Follow your asthma action plan for exact dosing and maximum limits.

Prefer a spacer? If you have trouble coordinating the press and inhale, use a spacer or holding chamber. It makes each puff more effective and reduces side effects like jitteriness.

Practical safety tips

Keep an eye on the dose counter or mark the date you opened the inhaler. Most pressurized inhalers have a finite number of doses. An empty or expired inhaler may look normal but won't deliver medicine. Store inhalers at room temperature, avoid extreme heat, and never freeze them.

If your rescue inhaler causes a fast heartbeat or tremor, those are common side effects. They usually fade quickly. If you feel severe chest pain, faint, or get worse breathing after use, seek emergency care right away.

Refills and prescriptions: Rescue inhalers usually require a prescription. Don't wait until you run out — order a refill early. If your symptoms need frequent rescue doses, talk to your clinician about controller inhalers like inhaled corticosteroids or combination inhalers. These treat inflammation and reduce attacks over time.

Track your breathing with a peak flow meter if your doctor recommends it. Numbers tell you when to step up treatment before symptoms get bad. When travelling, carry your inhaler in your hand luggage and a spare in checked bags if allowed. Airports sometimes flag aerosol canisters — bring your prescription or a note from your doctor. For children, review the exact puff counts and practice with them so they know what to do. Ask your pharmacist if you have any questions.

Finally, practice using a placebo inhaler at home so you're comfortable in an emergency. Teach family members how to help and keep contact numbers and your asthma action plan handy. A little preparation makes rescue inhalers work when you need them most.