Flu medicine: what works, when to use it

Flu shows up suddenly — fever, body aches, cough. Some medicines cut symptoms. Others shorten illness. Knowing what to try and when to call a doctor saves time and prevents complications.

Antivirals: prescription drugs that fight the flu virus. The most common are oseltamivir (Tamiflu), baloxavir (Xofluza), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab). They work best when started within 48 hours of symptoms. Oseltamivir is oral and used for most patients. Baloxavir is a single-dose pill for uncomplicated flu in people 12 and older. Zanamivir is an inhaled powder — not for people with asthma. Peramivir is IV and used in hospitals.

Who should get antivirals? People at higher risk for complications: young children, adults over 65, pregnant people, people with chronic lung, heart, kidney, liver disease, diabetes, or weakened immune systems. Antivirals may also be offered to very sick people in hospital. If you’re in a risk group, call your doctor right away — they may prescribe treatment even if more than 48 hours passed.

Over-the-counter symptom relief. Fever and aches: acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Decongestants and cough medicines can ease discomfort but won’t shorten the illness. Avoid aspirin in children and teens because of the rare risk of Reye’s syndrome. Keep fluids up and rest. A humidifier or warm showers can help loosen mucus.

Home care tips. Hydrate with water, broths, or oral rehydration solutions. Eat light, nutritious food if you can. Isolate at home for at least 24 hours after fever ends without meds to reduce spread. Wash hands often, cover coughs, and clean high-touch surfaces.

When to seek medical help

Call emergency services or your doctor now if you have trouble breathing, fast or shallow breathing, severe chest pain, sudden dizziness, confusion, fainting, blue lips, or persistent high fever. For babies, look for poor feeding, fewer wet diapers, lethargy, or high-pitched cry.

Prevention and smart choices

The single best prevention is the annual flu vaccine. It lowers your chance of getting sick and reduces severe outcomes. Also consider antiviral medication after a known exposure if your doctor recommends it. Avoid antibiotics unless a bacterial infection is confirmed. Ask your pharmacist about drug interactions if you take other medicines.

If you’re unsure what to take, contact your healthcare provider or local pharmacist. Quick action matters — especially for people at higher risk. Bookmark this page for quick reminders when flu season hits.

Common dosing examples: for adults, oseltamivir is usually 75 mg twice daily for five days. Baloxavir is a single dose (40-80 mg depending on weight). Zanamivir is two inhalations twice daily for five days. Peramivir is a single IV dose in hospital. Children get weight-based doses — don't guess. Always follow the prescription label.

Common side effects include nausea, headache, and sometimes diarrhea. Tell your provider if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or take blood thinners, since some combinations need extra care. If symptoms last more than a week or get worse after initial improvement, call your clinic. Prevention, early treatment, and sensible home care cut risks and help you get back to normal.